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008			260810t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010930 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A443 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aMohammad Nur Alhakim Bin Roslan, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aFood waste torrefaction with ACID sulfuric pre-treatment : _bthe effect of residence time / _cMohammad Nur Alhakim Bin Roslan
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_aviii, 52 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThis study investigates the integration of sulfuric acid pre-treatment and torrefaction processes for the valorization of food waste (FW) as a sustainable bioenergy resource. The research aims to address critical gaps in optimizing pre-treatment and thermal processing parameters to improve the energy properties of FW, reduce its inorganic ash content, and enhance its suitability for biofuel applications. The methodology involves pre-treating FW samples with varying sulfuric acid concentrations and residence times, followed by torrefaction at controlled temperatures. Parameters such as volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content were analyzed before and after treatment to evaluate the impact of these processes. Experimental data from both raw and pre-treated FW samples provide insights into the interactions between chemical and thermal treatments and their role in biomass enhancement. Results show that sulfuric acid pre-treatment effectively reduces ash content, with the most significant reduction observed at longer residence times, achieving ash levels as low as 1.53%. Torrefaction further enhances FW quality by reducing volatile matter and increasing fixed carbon content, yielding a more stable and energy-dense biofuel. However, prolonged pre-treatment durations sometimes result in diminishing returns, highlighting the need for process optimization. For instance, torrefied pre-treated FW samples demonstrated ash contents ranging between 2.48% and 8.27%, depending on pre-treatment duration, emphasizing the importance of balancing chemical leaching with thermal refinement. Key findings indicate that combining sulfuric acid pre-treatment with torrefaction significantly improves the thermal stability, calorific value, and overall fuel quality of FW. The results are align with recent studies suggesting that tailored pre-treatment strategies can enhance biomass valorization for energy recovery (Mohan et al., 2018; Pang et al., 2023; Zhu et al., 2022). In conclusion, the study underscores the potential of integrating chemical and thermal pre-treatments for FW conversion into high-quality biofuels. It recommends further research to refine process parameters, minimize energy inputs, and evaluate the scalability of these technologies for industrial applications. By addressing these challenges, this research contributes to advancing FW utilization within circular economy frameworks and supports the transition to renewable energy systems.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_u
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105427 _d105433