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008			260810t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010938 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A73 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aNur Ameera Aflina Binti Shamuddin, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aThe effect of steam treatment time for cellulose production from pineapple leaves fibre (palf) in hybrid treatment / _cNur Ameera Aflina Binti Shamuddin
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axi, 57 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThe research aids in the act of reducing usage of plastic petroleum products due to their non-composable properties and sustainable practice on utilising an abundance of agricultural waste of pineapple leaves. The studies aim to investigate the effect of hybrid steam alkaline treatment on pineapple leaves (PALF) and studies on the characteristics of the extracted cellulose on the pretreatment. Next, treated fibre undergoes biocomposite production with a polymer matrix of polypropylene. Then, the quality of the biocomposite is tested by its durability and water absorption abilities. As soon as the preparation of the leaves is done, the PALF is subject to alkaline-steam hybrid treatment with two (2) cycles of steam at 40 minutes at optimum temperature at 121℃ and 21 psi, accompanied by concentrations of alkaline treatment that vary at 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The samples then went through the bleaching process with 3 wt% of sodium chlorite in a water bath. The treated samples would go through characterisation by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). For the next part, the treated and bleached sample is fabricated with PP (polypropylene) at different fibre loadings (5% and 10%) by using an extruder and hot and cold press machines. Lastly, characterisation of the biocomposite is done on tensile strength analysis and water absorption tests. The studies aim to produce biocomposite with optimum fibre loading and a suitable range on pretreatment concentration and cycles required to maximise the production of extracted cellulose. From the research, the biocomposite that was produced from the treated has shown to perform better than untreated PALF in terms of mechanical properties, especially the sample treated and bleached at 1.5 wt% at 5% fibre loading. To improve the study, it is recommended that the research continue to the production of nanocellulose to extend the usage of the waste of pineapple leaves.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47763
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105436 _d105442