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008			260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010951 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A57 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aMuhammad Aiman Syahmi Bin Nor Farizal, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aFood waste torrefaction with nitric ACID pre-treatment: the effect of nitric acids concentration / _cMuhammad Aiman Syahmi Bin Nor Farizal
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axvi, 46 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aFood waste, a major component of municipal solid trash, poses environmental concerns due to its high moisture and ash content. This study focusses into the effects of nitric acid pre-treatment on food waste torrefaction with the objective to increase its potential as a solid biofuel. Torrefaction increases the fuel quality of biomass, although excessive ash concentration is still an issue. Nitric acid pre-treatment was used at three different concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7% v/v) to assess its effect on ash reduction and other physicochemical parameters. The study examined factors such as proximate analysis, high heating value (HHV), mass yield, and energy yield of torrefied food waste. The results showed that higher concentration of nitric acid successfully reduced ash content, increased carbon content, and improved energy density. The combination of acid pretreatment and torrefaction produced a biofuel with a higher calorific value and greater sustainability potential which at 7% of nitric acid concentration, the HHV was 27.49 MJ/kg. These findings demonstrate the potential of pre-treated food waste as a renewable energy source, helping to achieve waste management and environmental objectives.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_u
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105453 _d105459