000			02922ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260811162003.0
006			t|||||r|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010952 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .H34 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aAhmad Hafiy Bin Ahmad Rafikin, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aFood waste torrefaction with sulfuric acid pre-treatment : _bthe effect of acid concentration _cAhmad Hafiy Bin Ahmad Rafikin
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axi, 51 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aConsidering Malaysia's increasing food waste and limited landfill capacity, converting food waste into solid fuel is one of the methods used to produce new solid fuel instead of using charcoal. This study investigated the torrefaction of food waste following sulfuric acid pre-treatment to improve solid fuel generation, addressing the critical issue of increasing food waste and its environmental implications. Also, a sustainable option that aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 which is Responsible Consumption and Production. This study aims to reduce the ash content in torrefied food waste and enhance its energy quality by altering sulfuric acid concentrations during pre-treatment. Food waste collected from university cafeterias was subjected to acid pre-treatment at concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, thereafter undergoing torrefaction at 275°C for 30 minutes. The impact of varying acid concentrations on proximate analysis, higher heating value (HHV), and mass and energy output was assessed to identify the ideal conditions for solid fuel synthesis. The findings show among the tested concentrations, 7% sulfuric acid achieved the best results, with a maximum HHV of 23.70 MJ/kg and an energy yield of 108.45%, effectively balancing hydrolysis and energy preservation. The findings validate this method as a sustainable approach for bioenergy production aligned with SDG 12. Future research should focus on optimizing torrefaction parameters and conducting ultimate analyses of elemental composition to improve classification, predictive modelling, and the overall efficiency of food waste valorisation.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_u
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105455 _d105461