000 04311ntm a2200337 i 4500
003 MY-KuUP
005 20261008114547.0
006 t||||fr|||| 000 0
007 ta
008 261008t20262026my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0010838 (Local)
_qHardback
040 _aUMPSA
_beng
_cUMPSA
_erda
090 _aFTKKP .N83 2026 r Thesis
100 0 _aNwaichi Peter Ikechukwu ,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aDevelopment of high-purity green sulfonated lignin nanoparticles for enhanced cement hydration control in high-temperature, high-salinity environments /
_cNwaichi Peter Ikechukwu
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMPSA,
_c2026
264 4 _c© 2026
300 _axxiv, 268 pages :
_billustration ;
_c30 cm.+
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _2rdacontent
_atext
337 _2rdamedia
_aunmediated
338 _2rdacarrier
_avolume
347 _2rda
_atext file
_bPDF
500 _aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502 _aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah - 2026
504 _aInclude bibliographical reference
520 3 _aRetarders prevent hydration and prolong slurry setting time, thereby ensuring sufficient pumpability under deep reservoir conditions. However, most conventional retarders used in the industry exhibit poor performance under high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions, leading to excessive viscosity, reduced compressive strength, and shortened setting time that compromise cement integrity and placement efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize and optimize a sustainable retarder derived from empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass capable of maintaining effective performance under extreme oilwell conditions. High-purity lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were synthesized through sequential acid–alkali hydrolysis, followed by sulfonation to improve solubility, dispersion stability, adsorption capacity, and hydration retardation performance. The synthesized sulfonated lignin nanoparticles (SLNPs) were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), particle size distribution (PSD), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate their morphology, dispersion behavior, chemical composition, functional groups, thermal stability, and crystallinity. Process parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) integrated with Box–Behnken Design (BBD), while model adequacy and statistical significance were validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized formulation obtained through RSM–BBD consisted of a water-to-cement ratio of 0.9, SLNP concentration of 0.6 wt.%, curing temperature of 130 °C, and salinity concentration of 0.6 wt.%, yielding a compressive strength of 59.09 N/mm², setting time of 194.35 min, and desirability index of 1.000. The synthesized SLNPs exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with an average particle size of approximately 24 nm. Rheological evaluation demonstrated that SLNP-modified cement slurries maintained stable shear-thinning and pseudoplastic behavior with improved pumpability and structural stability at temperatures up to 250 °C. The developed rheological models showed excellent agreement with experimental data, with R² values (0.98) approaching unity. SLNPs extended the initial and final setting times to 197 and 319 min, respectively, compared with 183 and 272 min for sodium borate. Mechanical evaluation further showed that SLNP-modified cement achieved compressive strengths of 60.93 N/mm² after 3 days and 68.65 N/mm² after 28 days at 250 °C, outperforming both neat cement and sodium borate systems. Overall, the developed SLNP retarder demonstrates strong potential as a next-generation, eco-friendly cement retarder with excellent thermal stability, salinity resistance, controllable retardation behavior, and superior mechanical performance for sustainable high-performance oilwell cementing applications under extreme reservoir conditions
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and colleges
_xDissertations
650 0 _aTheses
_xDissertations
942 _2lcc
_cTHESIS
999 _c105701
_d105707