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001			vtls000031342
003			KUKTEM
005			20251114204417.0
008			080902t2008 my a f m 000 0 eng|d
020			_aTHE0004609(Local)
039		9	_a201905171009 _bazhar _c201304191550 _damy2 _c201211011458 _dFida _c201107132241 _dVLOAD _y200809021019 _zida84
040			_aUMP
090			_aTP359.B46 F37 2008 rs Thesis
100	0		_aFaradila Rozali
245	1	4	_aThe formulation of emulsions in biodiesel production : _bemulsion stability and demulsification via micromave heating / _cFaradila Rozali
260			_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2008
300			_a68 p. : _bill. (some col.) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
502			_aProject paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) --- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2008
520	3		_aIn production of biodiesel, emulsions resulted from washing process is important as a method to remove sediment contaminant or by-product. Ironically, there have been a few cases when oil becomes a stable emulsion during water washing process. These situations normally cause by an aggressive washing biodiesel in the presence of soap and water. Formation of these emulsions is costly, due to chemical used and production losses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the stability of emulsions and to investigate the effectiveness of using microwave radiation to break the stable emulsions. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, emulsions were prepared in a lab with water and biodiesel as raw materials. Part 1 of experiment was investigated the formation and stabilizations of emulsions by using two different emulsifying agent; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Triton X100. Concentration of emulsifier varied between 1.5% to 3% total volume while water-to-oil ratio was varied from 30-50:70-50. The stability studies were carried out by analyzes the viscosity using viscometer and visually observes on separation layer. As a result, an existence correlation between the effect of using different emulsifying agent, the emulsifiers concentration, and water-oil ratio with emulsion stability were discovered. In term of demulsification study via microwave radiation, it has been found that the effect of microwave power is proportional to the separation efficiency of emulsions. Demulsification by using microwave is primarily due to heat temperature; therefore as the rate power output of microwave oven is increase, the temperature will increase and this lead to fast separation of water from emulsions. Microwave has features of penetrating power; in which can distributes its energy within the bulk of materials thus suspends water droplets in an emulsion.-Author
650		0	_aBiodiesel fuels
650		0	_aMicrowave heating
999			_aVIRTUA40 _c1564 _d1570
999			_aVTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2600*3000*5020*5200*6500*6501*9992