000 02491nam a2200229 a 4500
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003 KUKTEM
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008 070223 t2006 my a f 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0005036(Local)
039 9 _a201905140926
_bSHAHRILJ
_c201211011417
_dFida
_c201208151438
_dFida
_c201107131620
_dVLOAD
_y200702231603
_zfarina
040 _aUMP
090 _aTS1175 .S58 2006 rs Thesis
100 0 _aSiti Nur Nadzmiah Mohd Nor
245 1 4 _aThe effect of different hydraulic retention tim (HRT) on biological pretreatment to chemical pulping /
_cSiti Nur Nadzmiah Binti Mohd Nor
260 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bKUKTEM,
_c2006
300 _axiv, 55 p. :
_bill. ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
504 _aBibliography: p. 44-51
520 _aLow composition of lignin and high of cellulose contains showed that banana stem wastes one of good sources for pulping purpose. These materials are cheap and can easy to get, since banana was planted widely in Malaysia for commercial used. After its harvesting, the banana stem are cut and usually left in the soil plantation to be used as organic material where actually, this crops can be used for more rational way of utilization, namely as a sources of cellulosic fibre for pulping process. Common chemical pulping process that had been used nowadays in industry frequently bring harms to the environment and also to human life as it consume and produce much of chemical reagent. Thus, the purpose of biological pretreatment using mixed culture from banana soil plantation with different Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) in this study is to reduce the amount of chemicals that will be used and produced from the chemical pulping process and also to reduce costs, energy consumption and time needed for the pulping process. The goal of biological pretreatment is to break lignin seal and disrupt the crystallize structure of cellulose in the banana stem waste and the different HRT that was used are 9, 19.5 and 30 days where it is believed that different HRT has its own effect to the treatment process. From the experiment, the maximum amount that can be degraded is about 5.5 % of lignin. The best HRT that been analyzed is HRT equal to 19.5 days. The treated banana stem showed the positive result in chemical pulping process where percentages of lignin reduced is higher than untreated banana stem wastes.
650 0 _aPulping
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c335
_d341
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