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008 150612t2014 my a f m 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0005043(Local)
039 9 _a201905140933
_bSHAHRILJ
_c201506121555
_dariffin
_y201506121116
_zariffin
040 _aUMP
090 _aTS1892 .N47 2014 r Bc.
100 1 _aNg, Siew Kim
245 1 0 _aSynthesis of nanocellulose from rubberwood fibers/
_cNg Siew Kim
260 _aPahang :
_bUMP,
_c2014
300 _axv, 65 p. :
_bill. ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
500 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aProject Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2014
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 _aThis research deals with the synthesis of nanocellulose from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) fibers via ultrasonication combined with enzymatic and chemical pretreatments. Cellulose nanofibers were separated from rubberwood fibers in three distinct stages. Initially, rubberwood fibers were subjected to a series of enzymatic and chemical pre-treatments to eliminate lignin and hemicellulose. The obtained cellulose fibers were then mechanically separated into nanofibers using ultrasonication. The diameter distributions of the resulting nanofibers were dependent on the output power of ultrasonic treatment. The extent of dispersion improved significantly with increasing output power of ultrasonic treatment. Microscopy study showed that the diameters of the nanofibers isolated ranged from 8.7 to 20 μm. The effectiveness of laccase and xylanase enzymes was also studied. The results obtained from FTIR and thermogravimetric analyses indicated that there were consistencies between the studied enzymes to the thermal stability or chemical structure. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the prominent peaks indicating that most of the lignin and hemicellulose were removed during the step-wise chemical treatment were present in the spectrum. FTIR spectroscopy suggested that the spectrum of cellulose nanofibers obtained under different ultrasonic output powers and cellulose fibers were similar, signifying that the molecular structure of cellulose were unaffected by the ultrasonic treatment. Results from TGA analysis revealed that the thermal properties of cellulose nanofibers were enhanced and the thermal degradation temperature increased to proximately 310 °C as compared to 240 °C of the untreated rubberwood fibers. Results from this work may be potentially applied in various fields such as bio-nanocomposites, filtration media packaging, tissue engineering scaffolds, and so on
650 0 _aRubber
650 0 _aLatex
650 0 _aRubber
_xMechanical properties
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c5954
_d5960
999 _aVTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2600*3000*5000*5020*5040*5200*6500*6501*6502*9992