000 03372ntm a2200373 i 4500
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008 180122s2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0001036(Local)
039 9 _a201905240958
_bnazirah
_c201802201216
_dsaini
_c201801221130
_dsaini
_y201801221121
_zsaini
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFKKSA .T467 2017 r Bc.
100 1 _aThor, Kait Wei,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aPhysicochemical properties changes on palm oil waste torrefaction :
_beffect of temperature and residence time /
_cThor Kait Wei
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2017
264 4 _c© 2017
300 _axiv, 62 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
337 _acomputer
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
338 _acomputer dics
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
500 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aProject Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aAs a second largest palm oil exporter, utilization of palm oil biomass in Malaysia as the main renewable energy source is encouraged. To make the palm oil biomass more competitive with conventional energy source like coal, torrefaction pre-treatment was applied on the palm oil wastes which were palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm mesocrap fiber (PMF). The palm oil biomass were torrefied in a torrefaction reactor at different final temperatures of 240 °C, 270 °C, 300 °C, and 330 °C with different residence time of 30 min and 60 min in an inert condition. The change of the properties of the torrefied biomass include physical appearance, morphology structure, CHNS mass fraction, higher heating value (HHV), proximate analysis, and mass and energy yield. The physical appearance of torrefied biomass showed darken colour with higher torrefaction temperature. In term of morphological structure, SEM image revealed that severe torrefaction had more severe impact on the surface structure of PKS and PMF. Besides that, this study also reported that carbon mass fraction and higher heating value (HHV) increase with the increase of torrefaction temperature, but H/C ratio decreases for all torrefied biomass. Among the torrefied products, PKS had the highest carbon mass fraction of 59.9% and PMF had the highest HHV of 22.91 MJ kg-1. In terms of energy yield, PMF produced 90 – 95% yield and PKS produced 78 – 96% yield when torrefied from 240 °C to 330 °C for 30 min. In addition, the non-condensable gases released during torrefaction reaction include CH4, CO and CO2. This study concluded that the biomass had a lot of improvement such as improve in the grindability, higher energy density torrefied products, reduce moisture content and released volatile gases that can used as energy sources through torrefaction treatment.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and Colleges
_xDissertations
650 0 _aTheses
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c7303
_d7309
999 _aVTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992