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008 180119s2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0000870(Local)
039 9 _a201905271623
_bnazirah
_c201802201208
_dsaini
_y201801191029
_zsaini
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFKKSA .E86 2017 r Bc.
100 1 _aE, Soon Shen,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aFormulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel /
_cE Soon Shen
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2017
264 4 _c© 2017
300 _axiii, 81 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
337 _acomputer
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
338 _acomputer dics
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
500 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aProject Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aWater-in-diesel emulsion (W/D) fuel is an alternative fuel which can be employed in existing diesel engine without any further modification. Apart from retaining the high fuel to power efficiency of diesel engine, W/D fuel is also capable of reducing the amount of hazardous air pollutants in the exhaust emission and usage of diesel fuel. This paper aims to formulate and characterize W/D as environmental friendly fuel with low economic cost and high stability. 36 emulsion fuel samples with different water concentration ranging from 10 to 25%, surfactant concentration of 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%, and also varying types of surfactants, namely Span 80, Triton X-100 and polyol based UMP surfactant (NS-16-2). The samples are then undergone gravitational stability test for 1 week duration and rheological characterization using Brookfield rheometer. Triton X-100 was ineffective to produce stable W/D emulsion, whereas Span 80 could be used to produce 10:90 W/D emulsion with 1.5% of surfactant concentration. NS-16-2 was found to be the most optimum surfactant whereby 25:75 W/D emulsion could be formulated using surfactant concentration of 2.5% and managed to remain stable for 1 week duration. The W/D emulsion were tested to exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, with its viscosity decreased with shear rate, indicating that it behaved as shear-thinning fluid (pseudo-plastic behavior). The viscosity of emulsions were temperature dependent over the temperature range of 30-70°C as they tended to decrease significantly under temperature.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and Colleges
_xDissertations
650 0 _aTheses
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c7584
_d7590
999 _aVTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992