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008 180205s2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0000987(Local)
039 9 _a201905241631
_bnazirah
_c201802201118
_dsaini
_c201802051240
_dsaini
_c201802051238
_dsaini
_y201802051153
_zsaini
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFKKSA .N8793 2017 r Bc.
100 0 _aNurwadiah Azizan,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aSynthesis of sorbitol fatty acid ester through esterification of sorbitol with azelaic acid catalysed by germanium (IV) oxide /
_cNurwadiah Azizan
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2017
264 4 _c© 2017
300 _axiii, 75 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
337 _acomputer
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
338 _acomputer disc
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
500 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aProject Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aConventionally, polyurethane (PU) is derived from polyester polyol from non-renewable resource which is petroleum feedstock. As an alternative for the current resource, bio-based polyester polyol is introduced. In this study, bio-based reactants which are sorbitol and azelaic acid will be used to produce bio-based polyester polyol. Both of the reactants are derived from renewable resources. Sorbitol, C6H14O6 is a type of polyol with six hydroxyl group which derived from fruits, corn and seaweed, while azelaic acid, C9H16O4 is a dicarboxylic acid and it is found in rye, wheat and barley. Germanium (IV) oxide is a type of heterogeneous acid catalyst and it is chosen because to eliminate the use of homogeneous acid catalyst which is difficult in term of separation for reuse propose. This study is focusing on the identification of best operating condition for reaction. The operating parameters include reaction temperature, molar ratio and catalyst loading. The reaction temperature is in range of 160˚C to 220˚C. The molar ratio of sorbitol and azelaic acid are varied from 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The catalyst loading is in range of 1 vol % of azelaic acid to 4 vol % of azelaic acid. The best operating conditions for this study are reaction temperature of 200˚C, molar ratio of 4:1 (SB:AA) and catalyst loading of 3 vol % of azelaic acid. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) with split injector, flame ionization detector fitted with a glass CP-TAP CB column. From GC analysis, presence of isosorbide was detected which derived from anhydrization of sorbitol.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and Colleges
_xDissertations
650 0 _aTheses
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c7656
_d7662
999 _aVTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992