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008			131031t20132013my da f abm 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0007995(Local) _qhardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aQD281.D4 C49 2013 rs Bc.
100	1		_aChye, Joanna Jo Ean, _eauthor.
245		0	_aPhysicochemical characterization and carbon gasification analysis of used propane dehydrogenation catalyst / _cJoanna Chye Jo Ean
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2013
264		4	_c©2013
300			_axvii, 91 pages : _billustrations ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
502			_aProject paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2013
504			_aBibliography : p. 79-84
520	3		_aPropylene is widely used in industry as a starting material for many downstream petrochemical productions in particular polypropylene. It is produced by catalytic dehydrogenation process near atmospheric pressure and 580-650 °C over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst. However, there are also many undesired reactions occur notably formation of carbon due to high temperature hydrocarbon decomposition. Physicochemical characters including element quantity and quality, nature, morphology, structure and location of coke deposited on used Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst were studied by several characterization techniques i.e. Liquid Nitrogen Physisorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). XPS analysis detected the constituents of the catalyst and also other elements i.e. K, S, Cl and Fe. FTIR identified the presents of various hydrocarbon species particularly dehydrogenated species; olefins and aromatics while crystallite pre-graphite which indicates the coke was detected by XRD. FESEM images also proved the presents of coke in amorphous, whiskers-like form. BET surface for coked catalyst was only 78.943 m2 g-1. The coke formed was altered by Sn promoter towards the bulk alumina support as discovered by TGA. Subsequently, for carbon removal analysis, the highest gasification obtained as oxygen and followed by air. Nitrogen gasified coke with the lowest rate and the activation energy for nitrogen is higher than oxygen and air. Air is suitable gasifying agent as it can removed carbon content like oxygen but in a mild condition with lower heat released. Different heating ramps did not affect the gasification mechanism.
650		0	_aCoal gasification
650		0	_aPolypropylene
650		0	_aDehydrogenation
650		0	_aCatalysis
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c8642 _d8648