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008 180924t20182018my a f a m 001 0 eng d
020 _aTHE0007905(Local)
039 9 _a201906131049
_bazli
_y201809241137
_zfateeha
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFKKSA .A36 2018 r Thesis
100 0 _aMohd Aiman Hamdan,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aInvestigation of cellulose incorporated into carrageenan matrix for hard capsule process development /
_cMohd Aiman Hamdan
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2018
264 4 _c© 2018
300 _axiv, 100 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
337 _acomputer
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
338 _acomputer disc
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
500 _aFaculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aGlobal market is highly demands for plant based capsule to replace the animal gelatin based capsule product. Previous research showed that the structure of carrageenan hard capsule was brittle and had low tensile strength. The aim of this work is to formulate and modify cellulose additive material incorporated in carrageenan hard capsule to increase the tensile strength. Filler characterization and screening were conducted among carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at concentration from 0 to 2% w/w for CMC and MCC and w/v for CNC. These cellulose additive screening is to find the best cellulose additive to increase the tensile strength of carrageenan hard capsule. It is reported that CNC was the best filler to be incorporated in the carrageenan hard capsule. CNC was prepared using ultrasonication of MCC and the dimension and crystallinity of CNC was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Mixing time and temperature were studied to find the best condition in production of hard capsule solution. Sample films and capsules were characterized through disintegration test (DT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), viscosity, tensile strength, and moisture content analysis. The size of CNC ranges from 177 to 247 nm length and 53 to 74 nm width, with aspect ratio of 4.34. Three fingerprint peaks of cellulose at 2θ= 15.6°, 22.7° and 34.7° were observed in the diffractogram trend. Incorporation 1.6% of solvent free CNC increased the tensile strength of carrageenan film up to 58%. At 2.0%, tensile strength of the film reduced due to the formation of agglomeration in the film matrix as proven from film cross section morphology analysis. However, addition of CNC in formulation solution did not significantly change the thermal stability of the film. In addition, the hard capsule disintegrated in less than 15 minutes and fulfilled for drug delivery application. Manipulation of mixing time and temperature shows that as the time and temperature increased, the viscosity and tensile strength of Carra-CNC1.6 solution and film respectively were increased due to loss of water in the formulation solution.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and colleges
_xDisertations
650 0 _aTheses
999 _aVIRTUA40
_c8798
_d8804
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