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008			191122b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0008511(Local)
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFIST .M845 2019 r Thesis
100	0		_aNur Muhitul Jalilah Rasali, _eauthor.
245	1	2	_aA study on ionic conductivity of alginates doped with ammonium nitrate as application for solid biopolymer electrolytes / _cNur Muhitul Jalilah Rasali
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2019
264		4	_a© 2019
300			_axiv, 107 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
337			_acomputer _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
338			_acomputer disc _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThere are numerous new discoveries in the field of electrolytes system especially in energy storage using green materials. Electrochemical devices are essential due to their huge contribution in energy storage, especially for the industrial sector. Nowadays, the usage of synthetic polymer keep increasing but these polymers are costly and not environmental friendly. Therefore, the solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system have been chosen as one of the new types of electrolytes that use natural polymer as a host polymer. This research was undertaken to investigate the conductivity and ionic transport of SBEs to develop a new type of biopolymer electrolyte. In the present research, SBEs system was developed based on alginate as the host polymer doped with various weight percentages of ammonium nitrate as a proton donor and prepared using the solution casting method. Several techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray and diffraction (XRD), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transference number measurement (TNM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to characterize this present work. FTIR analysis confirmed that interaction has occurred between the carboxylate group (COO-) from alginate and H+ where there were changes in the peaks at wavenumbers 1415 cm-1 and 1598 cm-1 that corresponded to C=O and C-O- in alginate, 1062 cm-1 that corresponded to C–O–C, and 3393 cm-1 that corresponded to the OH-group. The mobility (µ) and diffusion coefficient (D) were found to influence the ionic conductivity in the SBE system as observed via IR-deconvolution technique. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed that the 25 wt.% NH4NO3 was the most amorphous sample, and the polymer matrix resulted in the change of state of the material from semi-crystalline to amorphous in nature. From TGA analysis, the thermal stability increased with the addition of NH4NO3. The ionic conductivity of the SBEs system was measured using EIS with a frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz and achieved the maximum ionic conductivity at ambient temperature (303 K) with 5.56 × 10-5 S cm-1 for the sample containing 25 wt.% of NH4NO3. The SBEs system was found to obey the Arrhenius behavior with R2~1 where all samples were thermally activated with increasing temperature with the highest conducting sample showing the lowest value of activation energy Ea (0.11 eV). The conduction mechanism model suggested a correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model for the alginate-NH4NO3 SBEs system. The alginate-NH4NO3 SBEs system sample with the highest conductivity had a transference number, tion of 0.97, which further indicated that the conduction species is a cation. In the future, this SBE system is aimed to be used for energy storage, including as a battery or supercapacitor.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS