000			03976nam a22003377i 4500
999			_c92084 _d92090
003			MY-KuUP
005			20251125105522.0
006			a||||fr|||| 001 0
007			ta
008			200224t20192019my ||||f ma|| 001 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0008520(Local)
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFKKSA .T48 2019 r Thesis
100	0		_aThuraiya Mohammad Thaim, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aOil palm waste torrefaction for solid fuel production / _cThuraiya Mohammad Thaim,
264	0	1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2019
264	0	4	_a© 2019
300			_axii, 95 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThe world is currently facing challenges to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to achieve a sustainable renewable energy supply and this leads to applying biomass waste as one of the renewable energy sources. However, there are setbacks in utilizing the biomass waste directly, such as it is having high moisture content, high ash content and low energy density. This can be overcome through torrefaction, which is a thermal pretreatment technique at temperatures ranging from 200 – 300oC. The aim of this work are to evaluate the torrefaction of OPF and EFB at different temperatures, to analyse qualitatively effect, to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration and to evaluate the performance of the raw, conventional and oxidative torrefied biomass through gasification. In this study, the oil palm waste especially Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Oil Palm Frond (OPF) were examined, and its properties were characterised based on torrefaction temperatures (200 – 320oC). To evaluate the torrefaction process in the production of solid fuels, and can be divided into three parts, conventional torrefaction, oxidative torrefaction and the performance evaluation through gasification. For the conventional torrefaction only the nitrogen (N2) gas was supplied, while for oxidative torrefaction the N2 gas and oxygen (O2) gas was supplied. For the last part, the gasification temperature was run at 900oC with equivalence ratio of 0.3. The gas products were analysed. The results showed that torrefied biomass has improved physical properties compared to raw biomass, such as lower moisture content, increased in calorific value, and increased in energy density. The results also revealed that the torrefaction temperature has significant effect the solid yield, energy yield and heating value of torrefied biomass. The optimum temperature for OPF and EFB is 280oC from the overall mass yield and HHV. Moreover, little amount of oxygen concentration (3%) is significant to preserve the mass yield and HHV. The mass yield at 280oC showed a decrement between 1.44 – 5.17% compared to the substantial decrement trend at 320 oC when O2 was introduced and increased between 10.29 to 13.63% for OPF. In addition, when tested at different residence times, oxidative torrefaction at 15 minutes was able to produce similar torrefied OPF compared to OPF that was torrefied conventionally at 30 minutes. This indicate the potential for the oxidative torrefaction for pre-treatment method. In the gasification performance test, the result revealed that torrefied biomass showed positive impact in term of production of syngas. This indicates that torrefied biomass can potentially be used as a renewable and alternative feedstock for gasification and combustion application since its physical properties almost similar to coal.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDisertations
650		0	_aTheses
942			_2lcc _cRESTRICT