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020 _aTHE0008542(Local)
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFKKSA .C44 2019 r Thesis
100 1 _aYoke Wang, Cheng,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aHydrogen-rich syngas production from steam reforming of palm oil mill effluent (POME) over LaNiO3 & LaCoO3 catalysts /
_cCheng Yoke Wang
264 0 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2019
264 0 4 _aΒ© 2019
300 _axvii, 233 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_2rda
_bPDF
500 _aFaculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
502 _aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aThe flourishing development of local oil palm industry inflicts concomitant generation of enormous, highly polluted palm oil mill effluent (POME). The prevalent open ponding treatment was land-intensive, sluggish, and incompetent to degrade POME to below discharge threshold yet being accused for greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) emission. This study investigated the potentiality of novel catalytic POME steam reforming over LaNiO3 and LaCoO3 to valorise pollutant-laden POME into valuable H2-rich syngas. The POME feedstock was a brownish (A = ~1.93), acidic (pH of 5), and highly polluted (COD = ~70000 mg/L, BOD5 = ~11000 mg/L, and TSS = ~7700 mg/L) wastewater. POME was composed of 99.73 mol% water and 0.27 mol% organics (mainly carboxylic acids, phenol, and alcohols). Through minimisation of total Gibbs free energy, thermodynamic simulation from 573 – 1173 K confirmed syngas production from POME steam reforming and predicted the likelihood of side reactions. Subsequently, LaNiO3 and LaCoO3 were synthesised using modified citrate sol-gel route. Combination of CO2-TPD and NH3-TPD asserted the net-acidity of LaNiO3 and the net-basicity of LaCoO3. Before POME steam reforming, the catalysts were reduced by H2 to form well dispersed active metal (Ni or Co) on La2O3 support. Specifically, the active metal catalysed the reaction while the La2O3 support suppressed the coking deactivation. For both catalytic POME steam reforming, the optimum syngas yield and degradation efficiencies were determined by tuning temperature (𝑇), POME flow rate (𝑉̇𝑃𝑂𝑀𝐸), catalyst weight (π‘Šπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘), and particle size (π‘‘π‘π‘Žπ‘‘). The syngas yield and degradation efficiencies increased with greater 𝑇 up to 873 K, higher 𝑉̇𝑃𝑂𝑀𝐸 up to 0.09 mL/min, greater π‘Šπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘ up to 0.3 g, and smaller π‘‘π‘π‘Žπ‘‘ down to 74 Β΅m. When Tβ‰₯973 K, the catalysts experienced significant coking and sintering deactivation. If 𝑉̇𝑃𝑂𝑀𝐸>0.09 mL/min, coking deactivation of catalysts was conspicuous. For π‘Šπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘ >0.3 g, the catalysts certainly agglomerated into a plate-like structure with reduced catalytic surface. When π‘‘π‘π‘Žπ‘‘<74 Β΅m, pore occlusion of catalysts responsible for appreciably declined catalytic activity. Thus, the optimum conditions of both catalytic POME steam reforming were T = 873 K, 𝑉̇𝑃𝑂𝑀𝐸 = 0.09 mL/min, π‘Šπ‘π‘Žπ‘‘ = 0.3 g, and π‘‘π‘π‘Žπ‘‘ = 74 – 105 Β΅m. However, the net-acidic LaNiO3 granted higher amount of H2-rich syngas (πΉπ‘†π‘¦π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘  = 132.47 Β΅mol/min, π‘¦π‘†π‘¦π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘  = 72.60%, and HHV = 220.31 kJ/mol) than the netbasic LaCoO3 (πΉπ‘†π‘¦π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘  = 86.60 Β΅mol/min, π‘¦π‘†π‘¦π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘  = 70.71%, and HHV = 231.14 kJ/mol). In addition, the optimal catalytic treatment over LaNiO3 generated a less polluted liquid condensate (COD = 326 mg/L and BOD5 = 27 mg/L) than LaCoO3 (COD = 435 mg/L and BOD5 = 62 mg/L). The net-acidity favoured the cracking of POME’s organics before steam reforming while net-basicity promoted the carbon-consuming reverse Boudouard reaction by facilitating CO2 adsorption. Conclusively, the novel catalytic POME steam reforming over LaNiO3 or LaCoO3 is alluring as it harnesses syngas while degrading the POME wastewater.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
650 0 _aUniversities and colleges
_xDisertations
650 0 _aTheses
942 _2lcc
_cTHESIS