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020 _aTHE0008925(Local)
_qhardback
040 _aUMP
_beng
_cUMP
_erda
090 _aFTKKP .A457 2019 r Thesis
100 0 _aMohd Amirul Hakim Sidek,
_eauthor.
245 1 4 _aThe potential of waste red gypsum as commercial bricks /
_cMohd Amirul Hakim Sidek
264 1 _aKuantan, Pahang :
_bUMP,
_c2019
264 4 _c© 2019
300 _axvii, 154 pages :
_billustrations (some color) ;
_c30 cm. +
_e1 CD-ROM
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
336 _atext
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_2rdamedia
337 _acomputer
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_2rdacarrier
338 _acomputer disc
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
500 _aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502 _aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references
520 3 _aRed gypsum (RG) waste is one of the major solid wastes generated in Malaysia and currently RG is mainly sent to secured landfill within the premise of the waste generators. In this study, RG was investigated for its potential to be used as replacement for cement and sand in the manufacturing of cement brick using industrial brick manufacturing facility. RG was secured from the landfill of a titanium dioxide manufacturing plant, some 90 km away from the brick manufacturing plant. Based on the chemical composition, six (6) mixes consists of cement replacement were formulated and tested at 7 and 28 days for compressive strength, water absorption and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed by increasing the content of RG, replacing the cement content, resulted in the decrease of the brick’s compressive strength due to the absence of pozzolanic reaction. The absence of pozzolanic reaction was confirmed from the TGA results on the samples of the bricks. Effect of water to cement (w/c) ratio was investigated at 66% cement replacement. The results showed increasing trend of compressive strength with the increase of w/c ratio (within w/c ratio of 0.30 to 0.50). RG is a good water absorbent, hence water was equally attracted by RG and cement in the solid mix. Therefore, sufficient amount of water was needed to react with calcium oxide (CaO) in cement in producing hydration products for the compressive strength development. The study then continued with sand replacement formulation where an optimum replacement of 25% had been achieved. This replacement increased the compressive strength of the bricks as a result of good arrangement of fine and very fine aggregates within the brick matrix. Further, optimization of this mix was done using five different w/c ratios where increasing the w/c ratio increase the compressive strength of the bricks. In this study, it was established that the operable range of parameters viable for commercial production are at cement to sand (c:s) ratio of 1:9, RG of 25%, and w/c ratio between 0.35 to 0.55. An industrial guideline for RG brick manufacturing industry was established based on the outcome of this study. The guideline can be used by RG brick manufacturer to select the best w/c ratio to be used in the RG brick manufacturing for a specific market segment in order to maximize its profit and competitiveness.
610 2 0 _aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
_xDissertations
650 0 _aUniversities and colleges
_xDissertations
650 0 _aTheses
942 _2lcc
_cRESTRICT