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008			201125t20142014my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009014(Local) _qhardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFIST .S58 2014 r Thesis
100	0		_aShuhada Abdul Muttalib, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aBioconversion of isoeugenol to vanillin with different strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa / _cShuhada Abdul Muttalib
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2014
264		4	_c©2014
300			_axvii, 85 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
337			_acomputer _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
338			_acomputer disc _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science in Biotechnology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2014
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThe experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology lab at Universiti Malaysia Pahang to investigate the bioconversion of isoeugenol to vanillin. Vanillin is a simple monoterpenoid which is considered as one of the world’s principal flavouring compound used extensively in the food, beverage, perfumery, and pharmaceutical industries. Vanillin can be produced using bioconversion of isoeugenol via microorganism and it could be used to substitute synthetic vanillin with a natural vanillin flavor at an affordable price. This study was conducted to screen the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains for the bioconversion of isoeugenol to vanillin. Initially isoeugenol was obtained from extraction of crude clove bud oil. Two different methods of extraction were done to extract the crude clove bud oil which were microwave extraction and steam distillation. Through microwave extraction of clove bud oil, eugenol can be extracted at minimum time of 75 minutes with an optimum yield of 9.09% as compared to the steam distillation technique where it took time to achieve higher yield of eugenol. Purified eugenol (purity ≥99%) was obtained using 1.2 moles of sodium hydroxide with recycle water. Ruthenium acetylacetonate was used as catalyst to produce isoeugenol by synthesis. The conversion was almost 99% but the method is very expensive and cannot be further use as a substrate in biotransformation process. API-20E test was selected as a biochemical test to identify the characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains P178, U641, S376, B932 and ETT187. In fact, all Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were also confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and obtained that all the strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the subculture of different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to convert isoeugenol to vanillin by oxidation. Vanillin formation was analyzed directly by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). All the strains exhibited good potential as whole-cell bio-catalysts for direct bioconversion of isoeugenol to vanillin. During biotransformation screening by whole cell culture of P. aeruginosa strains, P. aeruginosa ETT187 showing a good vanillin produced which is 2.312±0.006 g/l at only 1% (v/v) isoeugenol added for 24 hours incubation at 200 rpm agitation. Furthermore, the effect of vanillin production versus time with 1% induction of isoeugenol was observed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours. P. aeruginosa P178 demonstrated consist the highest production of vanillin which was 2.97g/l at 72 hours of incubation while the isoeugenol decreased over time. Meanwhile, P. aeruginosa ETT 187 presented the highest amount of vanillin produced in only 24 hours with 2.31 g/l. Furthermore, strains U641, S376 and B932 produced the highest amount of vanillin at maximum of 96 hours with 2.62 g/l, 3.56 g/l and 2.49 g/l respectively. The reaction also produced the following by-products, namely, isovanillic acid and isovanillin, ethyl vanillate and also vanillyl methyl ketone. As a conclusion, the P. aeruginosa strains which were P. aeruginosa P178, P. aeruginosa U641, P. aeruginosa S376, P. aeruginosa B932 and P. aeruginosa ETT187 can be proposed to pilot scale as bicatalytic to convert isoeugenol to vanillin at a reasonable price.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS
999			_c95081 _d95087