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008			220215t20212021my a|||frma|| 001 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0008587(local)
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFIST .B46 2021 r Thesis
100	1		_aBenseghir, Hocine, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aDevelopment of mathematical models for evacuation from industrial buildings during emergency scenarios of dynamic risk / _cHocine Benseghir
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2021
264		4	_a© 2021
300			_axvi, 166 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
502			_aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2020
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aWith the growth of the industry sector, the instances of risks, such as fires, explosion, blackout and undesirable accidents continue to occur, even the modern technologies are used. The challenging scenario is that how the people could be evacuated from a crowded industry building under such disaster. Usually, in this kind of situation, the stampedes lead to injuries or loss of lives. Therefore, human factors such as occupants’ cooperation with safety managers and following the instructions may accelerate the evacuation process, starting from responding to call for evacuation until exit from the building to a safe area. However, besides following the instructions and cooperating with safety managers, there are still several parameters, such as the exit width, density of people, and other undesirable events that influence on the safety of the evacuation process. The crowd dynamics during emergencies is one of the most challenging forms of collective human behavior. During an overcrowding situation, occupants may push and pull each other, and often are vulnerable to fatality. Hence, for further precautions, one of the challenging tasks of safety experts of the industrial sector is to improve of the emergency evacuation process under an accident to avoid human causalities. Therefore, there is a need for a study on occupants’ evacuation process from industrial buildings involving building layout, occupants’ safety knowledge, and evacuation dynamics models. In this research, an investigation on the available evacuation models was carried out to formulate and develop the new model. Furthermore, an evacuation model was developed to improve the quality and safety of the emergency process. Therefore, the proposed model integrates social force model with a dynamic fire model that uses a differential equation to compute the range of fire spreading, which affects the area. This proposed model was implemented in MATLAB to simulate an evacuation of different numbers of occupants from a large hall under various fire position scenarios, where the large hall represents as an industrial building under fire spreading. For the scenarios, fire is spreading inside the hall; the first scenario (i) a single fire spreading from the left side, (ii) two fires spreading from the left side, (iii) one fire spreading in the middle, (4) one fire spreading on the right side, (5) two fires spreading on the right side of the hall. The evacuees-movement simulation scenarios were under the influence of the spreading fire. The number of occupants were considered as 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 300. Evacuation behavior of occupants under emergencies was simulated starting from the initial response, while fire starts spreading until all the occupants leave the hall through the exit door within a period of time. From a geometrical perspective, the building size, density, exit width, and fire location are essential to evaluate the evacuation safety from the spreading fire or other equivalent moving hazard. Thus, the impacts of fire position, occupant’s density, building size, and exit width on people's movement were investigated. The test results showed that the fire position, exit size width, and density of occupants influence on the evacuation process and the number of escaped occupants. The model can help prepare a simulation for pedestrian evacuation in the hall under fire; the simulation can be run until all people are escaped successfully, or for a certain period to check how many people can be escaped or how many are trapped in the building. The model improves the effectiveness of evacuation from industrial buildings and estimates the occupants' evacuation time under the fire spreading. It can also be used to study the evacuation process and find out the optimal design.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses
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