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008			220301s2020 my a|||fr|||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009124(Local) _qhardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFTKA .P75 2020 r Thesis
100	1		_aPriyatharishini Mardarveran. _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aEvaluation of synthetic household wastewater quality using artocarpus heterophyllus peel as a natural coagulant / _cPriyatharishini Mardarveran
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2020
264		4	_c© 2020
300			_axiii,106 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
337			_acomputer _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
338			_acomputer disc _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Civil Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2020
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThe use of chemical coagulants in wastewater treatment developed detrimental effects on the environment. In order to overcome this, the application of natural coagulant has been widely explored by researchers as an alternative solution to chemical coagulants. Natural coagulants were considered to be safe, biodegradable and cheap. Research on utilization of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel in purifying household wastewater has yet to be discussed in literature till date. Thus, this study aimed to characterize and identify the coagulant properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus peel for synthetic household wastewater purification as well as obtaining the best condition for coagulation process using response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract coagulant is prepared by drying and grinding the peel into fine powder. Proximate analysis was performed on the dried Artocarpus heterophyllus peel powder. As for the preparation of coagulant, the peel powder was soaked in distilled water and stirred for an hour. The mixture was filtered and the obtained filtrate was used as coagulant in the experiment. The characterization tests of the coagulant were carried out based on analyses of surface charge, functional group and morphology. The coagulation jar test experiment was carried out and two main variables were studied which included pH of synthetic household wastewater and dosage of coagulant. After testing, the water quality of the treated wastewater was determined by measuring the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. The RSM method based on central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain the best condition of parameters that works well in purifying household wastewater. The proximate analysis revealed the presence of protein and carbohydrate in the peel which are among the significant components suggested in assistance of the coagulation process. The surface charge of the synthetic wastewater is positive at pH 2 and later turned to be negative as the pH is increased up to pH 12. The measured zeta potential of the coagulant was -25.2 mV at its original pH, 6.95 possibly causing charge neutralization of opposite charges. This coagulant also comprised of functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in which all of these groups were salient for coagulation efficiency. Morphology analysis revealed that the addition of natural coagulant modified the colloid particles by providing voided pores that allowed the binding mechanism. From the RSM results, the best condition for the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel coagulant when pH of wastewater at 2.1 and coagulant dosage of 58 mg/L. The validation experiments revealed the removal of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD were 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively. The model obtained was significant with p-value < 0.05. It is suggested that this model had a maximum point which is likely to be the best condition and possible for the optimization process. The findings showed a higher reduction in TSS and turbidity by using this natural coagulant which is very important in primary treatment of wastewater. This can serve as a starting point for future studies to explore this new type of natural coagulant as well to replace the commercial chemical coagulants in water and wastewater treatment.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Civil Engineering Technology
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS