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008			220427t20212021my a|||fram|| 001 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009324(Local)
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A36 2021 r Thesis
100	0		_aMohd Akmal Azhar, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aProduct development and evaluation of probiotic tablet from locally isolated yeast saccharomycess boulardii for stomach acid tolerance / _cMohd Akmal Azhar
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP ; _c2021
264		4	_a© 2021
300			_axvi, 159 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_atext _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
347			_atext file _bPDF _2rda
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2021
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThe microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi that live in the gastrointestinal tract can be referred to as gut microbiota or probiotics. These microbial associates play a significant role in maintaining the diversity and proper functioning of our gut microbiota and human health in many aspects. Probiotic products are orally consumed and commercially available in various forms, such as food products or pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, every product containing live cells should survive in the manufacturing process to achieve a beneficial effect without losing viability via the storage or gastric digestion process. Therefore, the aim of the present work involves the development of probiotic formulation using a simple and less step of the manufacturing process but effectively tolerate to human stomach acid. This work involves isolation and identification of potential probiotic cells from locally kefir drink samples, probiotic tablet formulation, and evaluate the tablet performance for gastric acid tolerance. From the isolation process, nine different yeast species were successfully identified. Saccharomyces boulardii was selected based on the yeast screening process’s most positive result. This selection was made because of its ability to grow at low pH, can grow well in the high concentration of bile salt present in the medium, optimum growth at human body temperature, and can suppress certain pathogenic bacteria. In the lyophilization process, skim milk 10% was selected as a cryoprotectant agent to improve cell survivability up to 40% in the freeze-drying process. In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design using Design of experiment (DOE) was implemented to evaluate the effect of biopolymers as an excipient, and the best combination obtained with higher microbial viability and lower dissolution time only required 39.01% CMC and 60.99% alginate for the excipient ratio based on the software analysis. These two combinations produce better acidic tolerance for the tablet containing Saccharomyces boulardii strain. Under this formulation, the predicted response values were expected to obtain microbial viability of 95.36% and dissolution time of 1.3 h. In addition, it is found that the formulated probiotic tablet is more stable in terms of viability where the viable cell count reduces only 0.22 log CFU when stored in cold temperatures which are 4.0 °C compared to a reduction of 0.57 log CFU in room temperature which is 25.0 °C over 24 weeks of storage time. This study can lead to the development of commercial production of probiotic yeast tablets with gastrointestinal tolerance because this formulation can be considered as effective, low cost, and less step by comparing with the commercial product in the market.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS