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_aTHE0009401 (Local) _qHardback |
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_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda |
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| 090 | _aFSTI .M87 2022 r Thesis | ||
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_aMustafa Abu Hasnat, _eauthor. |
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_aLignocellulosic enzymes immobilization on ferromagnetic nanoparticle for sugar production / _cMustafa Abu Hasnat |
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_aPahang: _bUMP, _c2022 |
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| 264 | 4 | _c© 2022 | |
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_axxii,128 pages _bIllustration ; _c30 cm.+ 1 CD ROM |
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_2rdamedia _aunmediated |
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_2rdamedia _acomputer |
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_2rdacarrier _acomputer disk |
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_2rda _atext file _bPDF |
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| 500 | _aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology | ||
| 502 | _aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2022 | ||
| 504 | _aIncludes bibliographical reference | ||
| 520 | 3 | _aLignocellulosic enzymes have been used in the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass to produce the sustainable green biofuel such as biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, and biogas. On the wake of fossil fuel concerns, lignocellulosic enzymes as an alternative green solution, draw special attention over the last decade. However, the widespread applications of lignocellulosic enzymes- cellulase and laccase are becoming non-feasible and un-sustainable due to enzymes limitations in pH and thermal stability, recovery, and reusability. A proper immobilization support material needs to adopt to improve their stability and reusability. In this research, cellulase and laccase was successfully immobilized onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) and nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) to produce fermentable sugar from oil palm empty fruit branch (OPEFB). The MNPs were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used for silica coating. The free and silica coated MNPs along with NiNPs was modified with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) for amino functionalization. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker between enzyme and functionalized nanoparticles. The amino groups and aldehyde groups can form stable covalent immobilization that can improve the stability of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates spare shape nearly monodisperse nanoparticles with a size of 20 nm. After cellulase immobilization, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measured strong 62.8 emu/g magnetizations. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the immobilization of cellulase onto nanoparticles. The prepared nanomaterials demonstrate very high, 93% to 97% immobilization efficiency. The optimal enzyme concentration for cellulase and laccase immobilization was 3.5 mg/mL at 2 hours of immobilization time. The highest activity of immobilized cellulase and laccase was achieved at 40℃ and pH 5. The immobilized nanoparticles exhibit higher relative activity at higher pH and temperature. Immobilized cellulase relative activity was achieved up to 83% after ten cycle of reusability study. The highest 0.78g/L reducing sugar was produced after laccase immobilized nanoparticles pretreatment and cellulase immobilized nanoparticles hydrolysis of OPEFB and maintained steady production after three consecutive cycles. Among the investigated immobilization systems, most novel immobilization support systems found to be cellulase/laccase immobilized nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) while the non-coated MNPs showed highest magnetism those can be recovered from the reaction media easily. However, silica coated MNPs demonstrated highest reusability as temperature and pH stability were increased by 35% & 41%, respectively, along with the highest pretreatment and hydrolysis efficacy of the OPEFB. Overall, the pH and thermal stability were improved significantly, higher reusability of all enzymes immobilized nanomaterials was achieved. Finally, reducing sugar was successfully produced from the pretreated and hydrolysed OPEFB by the reusable lignocellulosic enzyme immobilized nanoparticles. So, in this study six novel magnetic nanomaterials were successfully developed for the sustainable biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis to produce sugar. | |
| 610 | 2 | 0 | _aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 650 | 0 | _aUniversities and colleges | |
| 650 | 0 | _aThesis | |
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