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008			221216t20222022my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009517(Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFTKKP .N33 2022 r Thesis
100	0		_aEngku Nadia Engku Mat Nasir, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aCrystal size distribution characterisation of Carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystal in batch cooling crystallisation / _cEngku Nadia Engku Mat Nasir
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2022
264		1	_c© 2022
300			_axii, 100 pages : _billustrations ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2022
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aCarbamazepine (CBZ) has a problem of slow rate of absorption when administered orally in which a larger dose of the drug is needed in order to be effective in treating patients. Recently, the carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal has been reported to improve the solubility through solution crystallisation method. The solubility of CBZ-SAC co-crystal is mostly influenced by factors such as surface area, phase transformation, crystal size distribution (CSD), and fluid dynamics. In order to obtained the desired crystal properties, the operating parameters should be controlled in the metastable zone width (MSZW) throughout the crystallisation process. There is limited report on the CSD of CBZ-SAC co-crystal therefore, the crystal size distribution of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystal in batch cooling crystallisation was studied. Polythermal method of cooling crystallisation was conducted to study the MSZW and CSD of CBZ-SAC co-crystal by testing with different mole ratio of SAC to CBZ, different cooling rates and different stirring speeds at various concentration of CBZ. The CBZ-SAC co-crystal were characterised by using particle size analyser, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and optical microscopy. The findings found that the concentration increases the crystallisation temperature, Tcryst and dissolution temperature, Tdiss also increased. The MSZW is higher for the higher CBZ concentration and stirring speed. The nucleation order, m increases as the mole ratio of SAC/CBZ increases with decreasing MSZW. The value of nucleation kinetic constant, k is found to increase with the increasing concentration for low mol ratio. Meanwhile, for slow cooling of CSD study of CBZ-SAC co-crystal, the broad CSD and larger mean crystal size is found at higher concentration of CBZ with low stirring speed. The narrow CSD and smaller mean crystal size is observed at higher stirring speed for all mole ratio and cooling rate. The CSD study of CBZ-SAC co-crystal for fast cooling also shows broad CSD with large mean crystal size and narrow CSD with small mean crystal size at higher CBZ concentration for different mole ratio and cooling rate. The characterisation analysis of DSC, XRPD and FTIR revealed that the produced solid is CBZ- SAC co-crystal Form I. Optical microscopy showed that the CBZ-SAC co-crystal Form I have the morphology of plate-like crystal. The findings obtained in the study are useful in the crystal processing, handling and storage especially in pharmaceutical industries.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS