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008			230329t20222022my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009534 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aKK .W35 2022 r Thesis
100	1		_aWaleed Ali Murshed Hasan Alhadadi, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aSynthesis and characterization of polylactic acid (pla)/inear low-density polyethylene (lldpe) nanocomposites / _bWaleed Ali Murshed Hasan Alhadadi
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2022
264		4	_c©2022
300			_axii, 153 pages : _billustrations _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
337			_2rdamedia _acomputer
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
338			_2rdacarrier _acomputer disc
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aCollege of Engineering
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2022
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aBioplastic derived from renewable biomass and an eco-friendly material; poly(lactic) acid (PLA) has high potential in substituting petrochemical based plastics. However, despite the good strength, the weakness such as poor toughness making it not ready for the application in industry. Nevertheless, the properties of PLA can be toughened by adding other polymers such as linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) which is tough, durable and strong. The binary blend of PLA/LLDPE can result in an immiscible blend with low strength. In order to enhance the chemical interactions in the binary blend by using PE-g-MA as compatibilizer (revise sentence). Graphene nanoplatelet could be incorporated in the compatibilized binary blend of PLA/LLDPE to increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability. The goal of this study was to prepare and characterize poly(lactic) acid (PLA)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) nanocomposites. The samples were prepared using a twin-screw extruder with the temperature between 150 and 190 ºC and 60 rpm of screw speed. The nanocomposites blends were characterized based on morphological, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. The findings provided that the optimum ratio of PLA/LLDPE binary blend was at 10% wt of LLDPE (PLA90/LLDPE10) with elongation at break enhanced by 23%. The tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus were observed to increase with the addition of 3 phr of PE-g-MA compatibilizer into PLA90/LLDPE10 blend by 5, 3 and 2.3%, respectively. It was observed that the morphological images by SEM show the presence of PE-g-MA compatibilizer contributed to the reduction of voids size in the blend. The nanocomposites were prepared using GNP with two different average particle diameters (5 microns (GNP M5) and 25 microns (GNP M25)) at 3 phr. It was found that the optimum ratio of PLA/LLDPE/PE-g-MA was 3 phr of GNP M5. The elongation at break and tensile strength improved by 40% and 4%, respectively in relative to the pristine PLA. On the other hand, it was noted that the GNP M25 decreased in relative to tensile strength by 6% and increased the elongation at the break by 84% as compared to pristine PLA. Morphological analysis from FESEM images revealed that the compatibilized binary blend with GNP M25 displays better uniformity and more homogenous morphology compared to GNP M5. The better uniformity of nanocomposites indicates a remarkable degree of dispersion of the GNP, which contributed to the increase in thermal and mechanical properties. The presence of GNP contributed to the slight improvement of degradation temperatures especially at higher loadings of GNP in the compatibilized binary blend systems. From the FTIR and Raman results, it can be suggested that no chemical interaction existed with polymer matrices when GNP nanofiller was added. This study shown that the brittle PLA can be toughened by LLDPE, compatibilized with PE-g-MA and reinforced by GNP.
610	2	0	_aCollege of Engineering _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS