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008			230414t20232023my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0009456 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFTKKP .Z36 2023 r Thesis
100	1		_aMuhammad Norzaman Kathiman, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aEncapsulation of mahkota dewa plant extracts using spray drying technique / _cMuhammad Norzaman Kathiman
264			_aPahang : _bUMP, _c2023
264			_c© 2023
300			_axiv, 125 pages: _bIllustration ; _c30 cm.+ _e1 CD ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
337			_2rdamedia _acomputer
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
338			_2rdacarrier _acomputer disc
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2023
504			_aIncludes bibliographical reference
520	3		_aMahkota Dewa or Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family and is one of the famous herbal medicines used by local people as a complementary alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus, cancer and hypertension. Currently, encapsulation using a spray drying technique protects the bioactive ingredient from thermal degradation during production and improves the shelf life. This work aims to screen and optimise the process parameters affecting the encapsulation of Mahkota Dewa fruit extracts using the spray-drying technique. One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) was used to investigate the inlet air-dry temperatures (100-200˚C), feed flow rates (485-2115 mL/hr), air-dry flow rates (3.5-4.3 m/s) and encapsulation agents (maltodextrin, arabic gum and 50% maltodextrin-arabic gum) on the DPPH inhibition, moisture content and particle size distribution of spray dried powder. Then, Faced-Centred-Composite Design (FCCCD) from response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to optimise the parameters. The spray dried powder obtained at optimised conditions was further characterised using a moisture analyser, mastersizer, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), phenolic Folin-Ciocalteu assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and anti-diabetic activity (ADA) analysis. OFAT study showed that the inlet air-dry temperature, feed pump flow rate, air-dry flow rate and encapsulation agent affected the amount of dried powder produced and its physicochemical properties. Lower moisture content and smaller powder particle size with higher antioxidant activity were produced at higher inlet air-dry temperature, lower feed pump flow rate and higher air-dry flow rate. The inlet air-dry temperature (200˚C), feed pump flow rate (485 mL/hr) and air-dry flow rate (3.7 m/s) show the highest amount of spray dried powder product produced. The moisture content, mean particle size and antioxidant activity were 4.88%, 8.145 μm and 91.4277 %, respectively. The encapsulation with the combination of arabic gum and maltodextrin showed a better physicochemical property. The moisture content, mean particle size and antioxidant activity were 6.67%, 10.38 μm and 91.4087%, respectively. The optimised conditions obtained using the FCCCD method were 194.98°C inlet air-dry temperature, 447.28 mL/hr feed flow rate and 3.75 air-dry flow rate with 5.19% moisture content and 92.10% antioxidant activity. The characterisations of optimised microcapsules using SEM showed irregular shape, no open pores on the surface and significant shrinking effect. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic content and mangiferin yield were 92.10%, 0.65635 ± 0.0392 mg GAE/mg sample and 16.87 ± 2.35, respectively. The values are higher than those obtained from the OFAT and spray drying process without encapsulation. The anti-diabetic analysis confirms that Mahkota Dewa Fruit extract and optimised microcapsules exert insulin sensitising activity in the same manner as rosiglitazone does and therefore, can become a potential antidiabetic substances. In conclusion, this work successfully screened and optimised the encapsulation of Mahkota Dewa extracts into dried powder form using the spray drying technique. The outcome provides the suitable inlet air temperature, feed pump flow rate, dry air flow rate and type of carrier for spray drying of Mahkota Dewa extract.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aThesis _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS