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020			_aTHE0009655 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMP _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aPSK .Y36 2023 r Thesis
100	1		_aNur Yani Binti Che Hussin, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aKesan teknik tafakur terhadap keadaan emosi negatif dan kebolehubahan kadar degupan jantung dalam kalangan mahasiswa / _cNur Yani Binti Che Hussin
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMP, _c2023
264		4	_c©2023
300			_axviii, 303 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aCentre for Human Sciences
502			_aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2023
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aThere are frequent increases in negative emotional states, particularly among students. Various strategies have recently been proposed to deal with the issue. Techniques that focus on the psychological, physiological, and spiritual approaches, meanwhile, still need to be emphasised. The goal of this study is to determine how tafakur technique affect students' negative emotional states and heart-rate variabilities. The study's objectives are to measure the effect of tafakur on the degree of negative emotional state, investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and verbal tafakur on heart rate varibilities, and compare the effects of each type of tafakur on heart rate variabilities. The study will measure the level of negative emotional state among students based on gender, age, faculty of study, background of the study, and family income, to measure the effect of tafakur on on the level of negative emotional states among students based on pre- and post-tests of treatment groups and control groups, to measure the effects of visual, auditory and verbal tafakur on the heart rate varibility among students based on pre-tests, the post-treatment group, and the control group and to measure the difference in the effect of tafakur between the treatment group and the control group on the level of negative emotional state and heart rate variability. The research design carried out is a survey study and a quasi-experimental study. his study uses the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire to measure negative emotional states and emwave biofeedback to measure changes in heart rate variability. A total of 150 students were involved in the survey study and 30 students in the quasi-experimental study involving three faculties, Faculty of Islamic Studies, the Faculty of Management and Informatics, the Faculty of Language and Foundation Studies. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS21) software descriptively and inferentially. The findings of the study show that the level of anxiety is the highest. In addition, male students show higher stress, anxiety and depression compared to female students, students aged 30 years and above show higher stress, anxiety and depression, the Faculty of Language and Foundation Studies (FOLAFS) shows negative emotional states in the form of stress and depression, students from non relegious schools show higher stress and anxiety compared to students from religious schools and students with low family income show higher stress. In the pre and post test there was a significant effect of tafakur on negative emotional state, there was a significant difference for stress, anxiety and depression. Next, there is a significant effect of visual, auditory and verbal tafakur for pre and post LF and VLF test. Then, there was a significant effect of visual tafakur for pretest and posttest of HF, however, there was no significant change for auditory and verbal tafakur. There were significant changes for visual and auditory tafakur but not significant for verbal technique. As for the HF score, there is a significant difference for visual and verbal tafakur, however there is no significant change for auditory rtechnique. This study has implications for the academic field as well as the field. Therefore, tafakur techniques are an alternative to early mental health interventions, especially as early prevention before the problem escalates to a level that requires clinical assistance.
610	2	0	_aCentre for Human Sciences _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS