Exploring stirrer variations in enhancing carbamazepine saccharin cocrystals properties /
Nurul Hidayah Binti Mohd Zaini, , ,
Exploring stirrer variations in enhancing carbamazepine saccharin cocrystals properties / Nurul Hidayah Binti Mohd Zaini - 34 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
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Cocrystallization improves drug solubility by connecting hydrogen bonds between the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the coformer. Carbamazepine (CBZ) with solubility problems have been studied with saccharin (SAC) to form cocrystal using cooling crystallization method. Mixing is the main process in cooling crystallization to achieve the desired cocrystal, however the research of the stirrer properties is limited. In this study, different types of stirrer which are turbine, paddle and straight stirrers were used to investigate the impact on the cocrystals. The 1:1 ratio of CBZ:SAC was mixed with ethanol in the crystallizer and cooling crystallization was performed for four cycles. After the fourth cycle, the cocrystals were collected and dried for 24 hours. The characterizations testing were conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and imaging inverted microscopy. Based on crystallization temperature obtained, the straight stirrer formed the cocrystal fastest while the turbine stirrer formed the cocrystal slowest. The FTIR and XRD analysis revealed that all types of stirrer used successfully formed the carbamazepine saccharin cocrystals, while morphology analysis shows that all the cocrystals behave plate-like shape with different sizes. It was concluded that different types of the stirrer used significantly influenced the crystallization temperature and the size of the cocrystal produced highlighting the importance of stirrer selection to produce cocrystal with desired properties.
THE0010754 (Local)
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations
Exploring stirrer variations in enhancing carbamazepine saccharin cocrystals properties / Nurul Hidayah Binti Mohd Zaini - 34 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
Include bibliographical reference
Cocrystallization improves drug solubility by connecting hydrogen bonds between the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the coformer. Carbamazepine (CBZ) with solubility problems have been studied with saccharin (SAC) to form cocrystal using cooling crystallization method. Mixing is the main process in cooling crystallization to achieve the desired cocrystal, however the research of the stirrer properties is limited. In this study, different types of stirrer which are turbine, paddle and straight stirrers were used to investigate the impact on the cocrystals. The 1:1 ratio of CBZ:SAC was mixed with ethanol in the crystallizer and cooling crystallization was performed for four cycles. After the fourth cycle, the cocrystals were collected and dried for 24 hours. The characterizations testing were conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and imaging inverted microscopy. Based on crystallization temperature obtained, the straight stirrer formed the cocrystal fastest while the turbine stirrer formed the cocrystal slowest. The FTIR and XRD analysis revealed that all types of stirrer used successfully formed the carbamazepine saccharin cocrystals, while morphology analysis shows that all the cocrystals behave plate-like shape with different sizes. It was concluded that different types of the stirrer used significantly influenced the crystallization temperature and the size of the cocrystal produced highlighting the importance of stirrer selection to produce cocrystal with desired properties.
THE0010754 (Local)
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations