MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03400ntm a2200337 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260713112109.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260713t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010715 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .S93 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Syamin Umairah Binti Syamsudin, , , |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Harnessing the potential of water-in-diesel emulsions (wi/d) as a sustainable fuel / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Syamin Umairah Binti Syamsudin |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xvi, 92 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Water-in-diesel (Wi/D) has the potential to emerge as a sustainable fuel since its recognition has decreased the formation of exhaust emissions, particularly nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in diesel engines. However, the physico-chemical properties of water-in-diesel emulsion play a significant role in ensuring the stability and capability of the emulsified fuel. In this study, an experiment was conducted to formulate and optimize Water-in-Diesel (Wi/D) emulsions and to characterize the formulated Wi/D emulsions in terms of physico-chemical properties under operating speeds at 10,000 rpm in 10 minutes. The study compared the physico-chemical properties of water-in-diesel emulsions using three types of surfactants which were Span 80, Triton X-100, and UMPSA Surfactants NS-02-23. The stability, viscosity and the chemical constituents were examined as these properties could influence the sustainability or combustion efficiency such as engine combustion noise, brake power output and both ignition delay and flame propagation. Based on the result, the concentration of 1.0% was chosen for Triton -100 and 0.5% for Span 80 and UMPSA Surfactants. First, regarding the stability time taken for each type of surfactant, Triton X-100 is the most stable surfactant for water-in-diesel emulsion separation, while Span-80 and UMPSA exhibit less stability. Increased surfactant concentrations improve stability but reduce efficiency. Secondly, in FTIR result, Emulsifiers consist of hydrophilic groups like sorbitan and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with polar groups, and lipophilic groups like fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and esters, with long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. According to the viscosity, Triton X-100 has a higher viscosity than Span 80 and UMPSA Surfactants. Overall, these findings have contributed to the fundamental understanding of water emulsification with diesel blend and the important role of surfactants to enhance the quality of Wi/D emulsion. Keywords: Water-in-Diesel emulsions; UMPSA Surfactants; Span 80; Triton X-100; physico-chemical properties |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
|---|
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |