MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03467ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260811180347.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260721t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010751 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .H355 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Hasmadi, , , |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Torrefaction and pelletization of oil palm waste / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Hasmadi |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
viii, 43 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Nowadays, environmental issues have become more important in Malaysia and around the world. The palm oil industry is fully aware of environmental contamination and trying to improve the quality and environmental conservation through a “sustainable development and cleaner technology” approach. However, the properties of raw oil palm solid wastes have limited their use as biofuel for example high moisture content, poor energy density, hygroscopic nature, and low calorific value compared to fossil fuels, which limit the possibility for biofuel production. Previous research has concluded that the properties of raw biomass can be increases through torrefaction and pelletization. This study aims to enhance the properties of solid biofuel derived from raw biomass through torrefaction and pelletization processes. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm trunk (OPT) were used. The samples were torrefied at 270 °C and 30 minutes. After torrefaction, the samples were pelletized by using different types of binder (glycerol and palm oil mill effluent (POME)) with various binder compositions (5wt%,10wt%, and 15wt%). The product was then evaluated with a pellet strength test by using a universal testing machine at a 5 KN load and 2 mm/min speed. The calorific value of the samples was analyzed by using a bomb calorimeter. For proximate analysis, the test was carried out according to the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM) E871, D1762, and E1755 for moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), and ash content, respectively. OPT pellets show higher mechanical strength than PKS likely because of its beneficial chemical structure and physical characteristics. By maintaining specific binder levels, glycerol and POME produced stronger pellets where optimal measures depended on biomass variety. The study demonstrates Malaysia's ability to produce biofuel from both local biomass and palm oil industry waste accompanied by optimized processing requirements for creating high-quality pellets to increase the energy density and grindability of biomass, thereby facilitating its transport and storage. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
|---|
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47786 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |