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Torrefaction and pelletization of oil palm waste / Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Hasmadi

By:

Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Hasmadi, , [author.]

Material type: Text

text

Media type:

unmediated

Carrier type:

volume

ISBN:

THE0010751 (Local)

Subject(s):

Online resources:

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Dissertation note: Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Abstract: Nowadays, environmental issues have become more important in Malaysia and around the world. The palm oil industry is fully aware of environmental contamination and trying to improve the quality and environmental conservation through a “sustainable development and cleaner technology” approach. However, the properties of raw oil palm solid wastes have limited their use as biofuel for example high moisture content, poor energy density, hygroscopic nature, and low calorific value compared to fossil fuels, which limit the possibility for biofuel production. Previous research has concluded that the properties of raw biomass can be increases through torrefaction and pelletization. This study aims to enhance the properties of solid biofuel derived from raw biomass through torrefaction and pelletization processes. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm trunk (OPT) were used. The samples were torrefied at 270 °C and 30 minutes. After torrefaction, the samples were pelletized by using different types of binder (glycerol and palm oil mill effluent (POME)) with various binder compositions (5wt%,10wt%, and 15wt%). The product was then evaluated with a pellet strength test by using a universal testing machine at a 5 KN load and 2 mm/min speed. The calorific value of the samples was analyzed by using a bomb calorimeter. For proximate analysis, the test was carried out according to the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM) E871, D1762, and E1755 for moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), and ash content, respectively. OPT pellets show higher mechanical strength than PKS likely because of its beneficial chemical structure and physical characteristics. By maintaining specific binder levels, glycerol and POME produced stronger pellets where optimal measures depended on biomass variety. The study demonstrates Malaysia's ability to produce biofuel from both local biomass and palm oil industry waste accompanied by optimized processing requirements for creating high-quality pellets to increase the energy density and grindability of biomass, thereby facilitating its transport and storage.

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Final Year Report	UMPLIB GAMBANG	FTKKP .H355 2025 r Bc. (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Not for loan		T000004391

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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Nowadays, environmental issues have become more important in Malaysia and around the world. The palm oil industry is fully aware of environmental contamination and trying to improve the quality and environmental conservation through a “sustainable development and cleaner technology” approach. However, the properties of raw oil palm solid wastes have limited their use as biofuel for example high moisture content, poor energy density, hygroscopic nature, and low calorific value compared to fossil fuels, which limit the possibility for biofuel production. Previous research has concluded that the properties of raw biomass can be increases through torrefaction and pelletization. This study aims to enhance the properties of solid biofuel derived from raw biomass through torrefaction and pelletization processes. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm trunk (OPT) were used. The samples were torrefied at 270 °C and 30 minutes. After torrefaction, the samples were pelletized by using different types of binder (glycerol and palm oil mill effluent (POME)) with various binder compositions (5wt%,10wt%, and 15wt%). The product was then evaluated with a pellet strength test by using a universal testing machine at a 5 KN load and 2 mm/min speed. The calorific value of the samples was analyzed by using a bomb calorimeter. For proximate analysis, the test was carried out according to the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM) E871, D1762, and E1755 for moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), and ash content, respectively. OPT pellets show higher mechanical strength than PKS likely because of its beneficial chemical structure and physical characteristics. By maintaining specific binder levels, glycerol and POME produced stronger pellets where optimal measures depended on biomass variety. The study demonstrates Malaysia's ability to produce biofuel from both local biomass and palm oil industry waste accompanied by optimized processing requirements for creating high-quality pellets to increase the energy density and grindability of biomass, thereby facilitating its transport and storage.