Investigating the role of complement c4 in human type 1 diabetes mellitus patients / Mavis Wong Pui Er

Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science in Industrial Biotechnology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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The complement system is a crucial part of the immune system; it consists of a series of proteins that work together to defend the body against infections. Complement proteins C4 and C4a have been linked to T1DM due to their role in immune response and defence systems. Since no research has been done on the subject in T1DM patients from Malaysia, further investigation is necessary to fully comprehend the potential importance of complement proteins and the role of complement proteins in T1DM. The goal of this study is to investigate the complement concentration using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, determine the concentration of serum complement C4 and C4a patients with T1DM in Malaysia compared to healthy controls, and investigate the connection between complement protein C4 and C4a with other clinical parameters such as age, gender, and the duration since the disease has been present. To achieve the goals, 9 T1DM patients who met the diagnosis criteria were enlisted, and the blood sample was collected. ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique widely used to identify and measure peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. This research uses sandwich ELISA to determine complement protein C4 and C4a concentrations. Based on the findings, we can conclude that the C4 and C4a concentrations do not exhibit significant variation across ethnicities, age groups, and genders within the Malaysian T1DM patient and healthy control. Increasing the sample size may be necessary to improve this experiment's outcomes. A larger sample size enhances the statistical power of the analysis, making it easier to identify significant