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Reactive extraction of organic chloride from crude palm oil using dilute alkaline buffer / Nur Shafikah Binti Rasad

By:

Nur Shafikah Binti Rasad, , [author.]

Material type: Text

text

Media type:

unmediated

Carrier type:

volume

ISBN:

THE0010699 (Local)

Subject(s):

Dissertation note: Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Abstract: Organic chloride compound in the crude palm oil (CPO) will increasing the potential of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester creation during the oil refining process. This 3-MCPD ester are potentially carcinogenic which make it must to avoid its creation through the organic chloride elimination in the early stages. This experiment aims to delineate the extractivity of chloride from crude palm oil using sodium silicate (SS) solution and to determine the rate of dichlorination reaction. In first objective, there are three volume ratios of CPO to sodium silicate were analyzed which are 3.00, 2.33 and 0.25. After being prepared, both CPO and sodium silicate material were mixed homogeneously. Then, the mixture was separated into oil and aqueous phase by using centrifuge and the analysis of chloride content was carried out for both phase by using the analytical instrument. The Mc- Cabe Thiele extraction plot was constructed according to the concentration of chloride in the both phases. For the second objective, the volume ratio used are same as ratio in objective one but each ratio was analyzed in three different temperature level. The dichlorination rate are analyzed by measuring the pH level in between 30s of time interval. The extraction of chloride is very effective in the ratio of 2.33 due to the higher equilibrium peak in the Mc-Cabe Thiele plot. The dichlorination rate is effective in the higher temperature level which can be observed from the higher kinetic constant (k) value. For example, k at the volume ratio of 2.33 was higher at 80°C which is 3.55 𝑥10􀬹􀬵compared to the 60°C which is 2.30 𝑥10􀬿􀬸. In short, the higher temperature environment might enhance the dichlorination rate by increasing the frequency and energy of collisions between the molecules involved in the reaction which also facilitate to overcome the activation energy.

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Title notes ( 4 )

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Final Year Report	UMPLIB GAMBANG	FTKKP .S534 2025 r Bc. (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Not for loan		T000004293

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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Organic chloride compound in the crude palm oil (CPO) will increasing the potential of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester creation during the oil refining process. This 3-MCPD ester are potentially carcinogenic which make it must to avoid its creation through the organic chloride elimination in the early stages. This experiment aims to delineate the extractivity of chloride from crude palm oil using sodium silicate (SS) solution and to determine the rate of dichlorination reaction. In first objective, there are three volume ratios of CPO to sodium silicate were analyzed which are 3.00, 2.33 and 0.25. After being prepared, both CPO and sodium silicate material were mixed homogeneously. Then, the mixture was separated into oil and aqueous phase by using centrifuge and the analysis of chloride content was carried out for both phase by using the analytical instrument. The Mc- Cabe Thiele extraction plot was constructed according to the concentration of chloride in the both phases. For the second objective, the volume ratio used are same as ratio in objective one but each ratio was analyzed in three different temperature level. The dichlorination rate are analyzed by measuring the pH level in between 30s of time interval. The extraction of chloride is very effective in the ratio of 2.33 due to the higher equilibrium peak in the Mc-Cabe Thiele plot. The dichlorination rate is effective in the higher temperature level which can be observed from the higher kinetic constant (k) value. For example, k at the volume ratio of 2.33 was higher at 80°C which is 3.55 𝑥10􀬹􀬵compared to the 60°C which is 2.30 𝑥10􀬿􀬸. In short, the higher temperature environment might enhance the dichlorination rate by increasing the frequency and energy of collisions between the molecules involved in the reaction which also facilitate to overcome the activation energy.