Development of face serum using natural extract (chrysanthemum) / Nur Fatimah Binti Mustafa

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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Face serums have been more popular in skin care because of their lightweight nature and ability to provide high concentrations of active ingredients. These formulas are intended to treat particular skin issues including hydration, aging, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation. Among the natural components gaining popularity, chrysanthemum extract is notable for its high concentration of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils, which provide significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and calming qualities. The experiment was conducted to develop the right formulation of natural extract face serum using chrysanthemum as one of its main ingredients. The experiment was also conducted to prove the presence of antioxidants and antibacterial in the chrysanthemum extract. The ingredient of face serum was separated into three phases. The first phase was water phase and it consisted of 85% of the face serum, the second phase was active ingredient and it covered about 10% of the face serum, and the last phase was oil phase and it comprised about 5% of face serum. The phases then were combined together using homogenizer for two minutes to ensure the phases were evenly mixed. The serum demonstrated good results, with a smooth texture, consistent consistency, and no evidence of phase separation, indicating great formulation stability at 3°C and 40°C for 97 days. Importantly, the serum met high safety criteria, with tiny concentrations of heavy metals like iron and copper much below toxic levels. Iron concentration is 0.062mg/L, whereas copper levels is 0.014 mg/L. These low levels not only ensure safety, but also limit the likelihood of skin irritation or oxidative damage. Next, the serum has 5.3 for its pH value and it is considered a safe value for the skin. In conclusion, this study effectively created a chrysanthemum-based face serum that strikes a balance between stability, safety, and efficacy. It emphasizes the benefits of natural components in skincare, meeting the growing need for safe, environmentally friendly products. Future research could look into long-term stability and clinical efficacy to better support its use in commercial applications.